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CentOS 8迁移升级到CentOS Stream的简单方法

众所周知,CentOS 8已经停止更新,Red Hat正在CentOS 8转向CentOS Stream。CentOS Stream位于Fedora Linux和RHEL之间,它不是100%的RHEL克隆,而是领先于RHEL开发版本,可以将其视为中游发行版。

当然,如果你需要100%的RHEL兼容性,那么需要Rocky Linux或AlmaLinux。但是,CentOS对大多用户来说可能绰绰有余,因为只需用到Apache、Perl和 Python。

CentOS Stream是一个开源操作系统,也是CentOS 8的替代候选者之一。如果你不想倒腾,或者没有时间精力来安装新的替代品,如Rocky Linux或 AlmaLinux。那么,CentOS 8迁移升级到CentOS Stream是最为省事便捷的方法。

为了让大家更方便的将CentOS 8迁移到CentOS Stream,本文简单介绍下在不重新安装新操作系统的情况下将现有的CentOS 8安装迁移到CentOS Stream。

CentOS Stream

注意:在迁移之前务必备份好系统所有文件。

一、更新CentOS 8系统

首先通过SSH登录到系统,然后运行以下命令:

sudo dnf update

使用shutdown或者reboot命令重启系统:

sudo shutdown -r now

接下来严重Centos系统版本,命令如下:

more /etc/centos-release

更新CentOS 8系统

二、安装CentOS Stream

可以输入以下dnf命令来安装CentOS Stream:

sudo dnf in centos-release-stream

安装CentOS Stream

三、从CentOS 8迁移到CentOS Stream

现在已经准备好了所需的包。换句话说,dnf已经准备好为我们提供一个简单的方法来开始从CentOS 8迁移到CentOS Stream。但是,首先必须交换回购协议。

可以使用以下命令删除CentOS 8存储库并将其替换为CentOS Stream存储库。这样将从CentOS Stream获得所有更新和库/应用程序。执行以下命令:

sudo dnf swap centos-linux-repos centos-stream-repos

Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:46 ago on Friday 22 April 2022 05:14:03 PM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
========================================================================================
 Package                      Architecture  Version          Repository            Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
 centos-stream-release        noarch        8.6-1.el8        Stream-BaseOS         22 k
     replacing  centos-linux-release.noarch 8.5-1.2111.el8
     replacing  centos-release-stream.x86_64 8.1-1.1911.0.7.el8
 centos-stream-repos          noarch        8-3.el8          extras                19 k
Removing:
 centos-linux-repos           noarch        8-3.el8          @baseos               26 k
 
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install  2 Packages
Remove   1 Package
 
Total download size: 42 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): centos-stream-repos-8-3.el8.noarch.rpm           588 kB/s |  19 kB     00:00    
(2/2): centos-stream-release-8.6-1.el8.noarch.rpm        61 kB/s |  22 kB     00:00    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                    91 kB/s |  42 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                1/1 
  Running scriptlet: centos-stream-release-8.6-1.el8.noarch                         1/1 
  Installing       : centos-stream-release-8.6-1.el8.noarch                         1/5 
  Installing       : centos-stream-repos-8-3.el8.noarch                             2/5 
  Obsoleting       : centos-release-stream-8.1-1.1911.0.7.el8.x86_64                3/5 
  Obsoleting       : centos-linux-release-8.5-1.2111.el8.noarch                     4/5 
  Erasing          : centos-linux-repos-8-3.el8.noarch                              5/5 
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo.rpmsave
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo.rpmsave
 
  Running scriptlet: centos-linux-repos-8-3.el8.noarch                              5/5 
  Verifying        : centos-stream-repos-8-3.el8.noarch                             1/5 
  Verifying        : centos-stream-release-8.6-1.el8.noarch                         2/5 
  Verifying        : centos-linux-release-8.5-1.2111.el8.noarch                     3/5 
  Verifying        : centos-release-stream-8.1-1.1911.0.7.el8.x86_64                4/5 
  Verifying        : centos-linux-repos-8-3.el8.noarch                              5/5 
 
Installed:
  centos-stream-release-8.6-1.el8.noarch       centos-stream-repos-8-3.el8.noarch      
Removed:
  centos-linux-repos-8-3.el8.noarch                                                     
 
Complete!

之后将CentOS 8安装迁移到CentOS Stream,执行以下命令:

sudo dnf repolist

接下来,需要获取CentOS Stream ABI/API的包,这将升级或降级软件包以匹配新的ABI/API,并且由于ABI/API更改而100%破坏RHEL兼容性。选择同意,输入以下命令:

sudo dnf distro-sync

Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:19 ago on Friday 22 April 2022 05:28:13 PM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
========================================================================================
 Package                     Arch   Version                             Repo       Size
========================================================================================
Upgrading:
 NetworkManager              x86_64 1:1.36.0-0.1.el8                    baseos    2.3 M
 NetworkManager-libnm        x86_64 1:1.36.0-0.1.el8                    baseos    1.8 M
 NetworkManager-team         x86_64 1:1.36.0-0.1.el8                    baseos    149 k
 NetworkManager-tui          x86_64 1:1.36.0-0.1.el8                    baseos    341 k
 bash                        x86_64 4.4.20-3.el8                        baseos    1.5 M
 c-ares                      x86_64 1.13.0-6.el8                        baseos     93 k
 ca-certificates             noarch 2021.2.50-82.el8                    baseos    390 k
 cloud-init                  noarch 21.1-9.el8                          appstream 1.0 M
 cpio                        x86_64 2.12-11.el8                         baseos    266 k
 cronie                      x86_64 1.5.2-6.el8                         baseos    118 k
 cronie-anacron              x86_64 1.5.2-6.el8                         baseos     42 k
 crypto-policies             noarch 20211116-1.gitae470d6.el8           baseos     64 k
 crypto-policies-scripts     noarch 20211116-1.gitae470d6.el8           baseos     83 k
 device-mapper               x86_64 8:1.02.181-1.el8                    baseos    377 k
 device-mapper-libs          x86_64 8:1.02.181-1.el8                    baseos    409 k
 dnf                         noarch 4.7.0-5.el8                         baseos    543 k
 dnf-automatic               noarch 4.7.0-5.el8                         baseo
.....
..
 vim-enhanced                x86_64 2:8.0.1763-16.el8_5.2               appstream 1.4 M
 vim-filesystem              noarch 2:8.0.1763-16.el8_5.2               appstream  49 k
 vim-minimal                 x86_64 2:8.0.1763-16.el8_5.2               baseos    573 k
 yum                         noarch 4.7.0-5.el8                         baseos    206 k
Installing dependencies:
 glibc-gconv-extra           x86_64 2.28-170.el8                        baseos    1.4 M
Installing weak dependencies:
 sqlite                      x86_64 3.26.0-15.el8                       baseos    668 k
Downgrading:
 unzip                       x86_64 6.0-45.el8                          baseos    195 k
 
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install     2 Packages
Upgrade    86 Packages
Downgrade   1 Package
 
Total download size: 95 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/89): unzip-6.0-45.el8.x86_64.rpm                     571 kB/s | 195 kB     00:00    
(2/89): sqlite-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64.rpm                 1.4 MB/s | 668 kB     00:00    
 
.....
..
  vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-16.el8_5.2.noarch                                           
  vim-minimal-2:8.0.1763-16.el8_5.2.x86_64                                              
  yum-4.7.0-5.el8.noarch                                                                
Downgraded:
  unzip-6.0-45.el8.x86_64                                                               
Installed:
  glibc-gconv-extra-2.28-170.el8.x86_64           sqlite-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64          
 
Complete!

四、重新启动系统

命令如下:

sudo systemctl reboot

五、验证版本

验证CentOS Stream版本,命令如下:

cat /etc/centos-release

验证centos stream版本

确保没有错误出现,可以在Linux上查看错误日志:

sudo tail -f /var/log/messages
sudo grep -i -E 'err|wan|cri' /var/log/messages
sudo grep -i -E 'err|wan|cri' /var/log/nginx/error.log

列出Linux上的开放端口,并使用systemctl命令或netstat 命令/ss命令确保httpd、mysqld等服务正在运行:

sudo ss -tulpn
systemctl status httpd
systemctl status mysqld

关于第二部分dnf repos的说明

某些dnf存储库可能会被重命名或禁用以防止升级问题,所以手动验证这些将是最好的,例如:

# yum repolist

# yum repolist enabled > /root/post.update.dnf.repo.txt

你可以比较这两个文件,然后再次启用丢失的repos。

# cat /root/post.update.dnf.repo.txt
# cat /root/pre.update.dnf.repo.txt
# diff /root/pre.update.dnf.repo.txt /root/post.update.dnf.repo.txt

总结

总而言之,Centos Stream是一个滚动发布的Linux发行版,它是介于Fedora Linux的上游开发和RHEL的下游开发之间而存在。如果你正在使用CentOS系统,而又不想按照新的Linux替代品,那么迁移升级至Centos Stream未尝不是一种好办法。

以上CentOS 8迁移升级到CentOS Stream的过程仅供参考。记住,在迁移之前,一定要备份好数据!!

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